Alkoxy indolinone based protein kinase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

Alkoxy indolinone based acid and amide derivatives have enhanced and unexpected drug properties as inhibitors of protein kinases and are useful in treating disorders related to abnormal protein kinase activities such as cancer.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to protein kinase inhibitors and to their use in treating disorders related to abnormal protein kinase activities such as cancer and inflammation. More particularly, the invention relates to alkoxy indolinone based derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts employable as protein kinase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND

Protein kinases are enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues of proteins. Many aspects of cell life (for example, cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle and survival) depend on protein kinase activities. Furthermore, abnormal protein kinase activity has been related to a host of disorders such as cancer and inflammation. Therefore, considerable effort has been directed to identifying ways to modulate protein kinase activities. In particular, many attempts have been made to identify small molecules that act as protein kinase inhibitors.

Several pyrrolyl-indolinone derivatives have demonstrated excellent activity as inhibitors of protein kinases (Larid et al. FASEB J. 16, 681, 2002; Smolich et al. Blood, 97, 1413, 2001; Mendel et al. Clinical Cancer Res. 9, 327, 2003; Sun et al. J. Med. Chem. 46, 1116, 2003). The clinical utility of these compounds has been promising, but has been partially compromised due to the relatively poor aqueous solubility and/or other drug properties. What is needed is a class of modified pyrrolyl-indolinone derivatives having both inhibitory activity and enhanced drug properties.

SUMMARY

The invention is directed to alkoxy indolinone based derivatives and to their use as inhibitors of protein kinases. It is disclosed herein that alkoxy indolinone based derivatives have enhanced and unexpected drug properties that advantageously distinguish this class of compounds over known pyrrolyl-indolinone derivatives having protein kinase inhibition activity. It is also disclosed herein that alkoxy indolinone based derivatives are useful in treating disorders related to abnormal protein kinase activities such as cancer.

One aspect of the invention is directed to a compound represented by Formula (I):

In Formula (I), R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C1-C6) haloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C6) alkoxy, amino, (C1-C6) alkylamino, amide, sulfonamide, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C10) aryl; R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C1-C6) haloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C8) alkoxyalkyl, amino, (C1-C6) alkylamino, (C6-C10) arylamino; R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl, and amide; R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1-C6) alkyl; R⁷ is (C1-C6) alkyl; R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, (C1-C6) O-alkyl, (C3-C8) O-cycloalkyl, and NR¹⁰R¹¹; where R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl, (C2-C6) dihydroxyalkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C1-C6) alkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl phosphonic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl sulfonic acid, (C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl amide, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C5-C8) heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C8) aryl, (C5-C8) heteroaryl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl carboxylic acid, or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ together with N forms a (C5-C8) heterocyclic ring either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyls, ketones, ethers, and carboxylic acids; n is 1, 2, or 3; and m is 0, 1, or 2. Alternatively, this aspect of the invention also is directed to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, its tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of its tautomer, or a prodrug of Formula (I).

A first preferred subgenus of this first aspect of the invention is directed to the compound, salt, tautomer, or prodrug represented by Formula (II):

In Formula (II), R¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, and (C3-C8) cycloalkyl. Other groups are as defined in Formula (I). In preferred embodiments, R¹ and R² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro; R³ and R⁴ are methyl; R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, and R¹² are hydrogen; R⁷ is (C1-C6) alkyl; n is 1 or 2; and m is 0 or 1. Preferred species include the following compounds:

A second preferred subgenus of this first aspect of the invention is directed to a compound, salt, tautomer, or prodrug represented by Formula (III):

In Formula (III), the various R groups are the same as Formula (I). In preferred embodiments, R¹ and R² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano; R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl, and amide; R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1-C6))alkyl; R⁷ is (C1-C6) alkyl; n is 1 or 2; m is 0 or 1; and R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl, (C2-C6) dihydroxyalkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) alkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl phosphonic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl sulfonic acid, (C2-C6) hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl amide, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C5-C8) heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C8) aryl, (C5-C8) heteroaryl, (C4-C8) cycloalkyl carboxylic acid, or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ together with N forms a (C5-C8) heterocyclic ring either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyls, ketones, ethers, and carboxylic acids.

In a first subgroup of this second subgenus, m is 0. Preferred species of this first subgroup are represented by the following structures:

In a second subgroup of this second subgenus, m is 1. Preferred species of this second subgroup are represented by the following structures:

Further species of the second aspect of the invention are represented by the following structures:

wherein: R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of radicals represented by the following structures:

Another aspect of the invention is directed to a method for the modulation of the catalytic activity of a protein kinase with a compound or salt of any one of the compounds of Formulas (I-III). In a preferred mode, the protein kinase is selected from the group consisting of VEGF receptors and PDGF receptors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the 3-alkoxy-4-acylaminoamide derivatives starting from methyl 3-hydroxy-4-aminobutanoate hydrochlorides and the activated acylating agent 1-3.

FIG. 2 illustrates a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the 2-alkoxy-3-acylaminoamide derivatives starting from methyl 2-hydroxy-3-aminopropionate hydrochlorides and the activated acylating agent 1-3.

FIG. 3 illustrates a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the (2S)-2-alkoxy-4-acylamino-amide derivatives starting from methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-aminobutanoate hydrochloride and the activated acylating agent 1-3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Examples 1-8

The synthesis of acids (1-4) and amides (1-5) is shown in FIG. 1. Variations from this general synthetic procedure can be understood and carried out by those skilled in the art. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by those skilled in the art.

Example 1 4-({5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-3-methoxy-butyric acid

To a suspension of methyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyrate (1.0 equiv, which was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid in dry methanol with 1.2 equiv HCl) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DCM, Mmt-Cl (1.1 equiv) was added portion-wise at 25° C. After stirring overnight, the DCM was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The ethyl acetate was then removed, and the residue was dried overnight under high vacuum, and subjected to flash chromatography to give compound 1-1. To a solution of compound 1-1 in dry DMF, NaH (1.5 equiv) was added under argon. After stirring at 25° C. for 1 h, MeI (5 equiv) was added to the solution, and the resulting suspension was gently shaken at 25° C. overnight. The DMF was removed under vacuum; the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After the ethyl acetate was removed via evaporation the resulting residue was treated with 1% TFA in DCE/DCM for 30 min. The organic solvents were then removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was triturated with hexane (3×) to obtain the free amino acid 1-2. This amino acid was used directly in the next step without any purification and characterization. Thus, to a solution of 1-2 (2 equiv) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF, compound 1-3 (1 equiv) was added at 25° C. After stirring for 30 min (LC-MS show the complete consumption of 1-3), KOH (5 equiv) in water was added, and the solution was stirred for another 2 h (LC-MS demonstrated a complete hydrolysis). The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and HCl (1N, excess) was added to give a precipitate. This precipitate was collected and washed (by water) by filtration, dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (95% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂FN₃O₅: 416, obtained: 416. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 12.18 (b, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.64 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.52-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 2 3-Ethoxy-4-({5-[5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-butyric acid

A similar route as that for the synthesis of Example 1 was used to prepare the title compound. Iodoethane was used instead of iodomethane to obtain the 3-ethoxy compound (9.7% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄FN₃O₅: 430, obtained: 430.

Examples 3-8

The general procedure for the synthesis of amides (1-5): An amine (2 equiv) was added to a solution of the acid (1-4), HATU (1.05 mmol), and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF (5 mL). After the solution was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h, aqueous HCl (2 mL, 1N) was added. This solution was subjected to preparative HPLC to obtain the pure amide product, which was subsequently characterized by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy.

Example 3 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (3-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-ethoxy-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 13 mg of the title compound (41%) from 30 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₄H₂₉FN₄O₄: 457, obtained: 457. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.27 (m, 2H, buried in water signals), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.07 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 4 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (3-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-methoxy-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 46 mg of the title compound (36%) from 120 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₄: 443, obtained: 443. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.63-2.43 (m, 2H).

Example 5 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 48 mg of the title compound (37%) from 110 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉FN₄O₆: 485, obtained: 485. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.55 (m, 4H), 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 6 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid [4-(4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-butyl]-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 20 mg of the title compound (33%) from 50 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₆H₃₁FN₄O₅: 499, obtained: 499. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.4 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.68 (b, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 1H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 2H).

Example 7 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-4-oxo-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-butyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 40 mg of the title compound (32%) from 110 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉FN₄O₄: 469, obtained: 469. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.25 (m, 6H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H).

Example 8 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid [2-methoxy-3-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-propyl]-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 15 mg of the title compound (15%) from 80 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₅: 459, obtained: 459. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J=4.4 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Examples 9-15

The synthesis of acids (2-3) and amides (2-4) is shown in FIG. 2. Variations from this general synthetic procedure can be understood and carried out by those skilled in the art. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by those skilled in the art.

Example 9 3-({5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-2-methoxy-propionic acid

To a suspension of methyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropionate (1.0 equiv, which was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid isoserine in dry methanol with 1.2 equiv HCl) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DCM, Mmt-Cl (1.1 equiv) was added portion-wise at 25° C. After stirring overnight, the DCM was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The ethyl acetate was then removed, and the residue was dried overnight under high vacuum, and subjected to flash chromatography to give compound 2-1. To a solution of compound 2-1 in dry DMF, NaH (1.5 equiv) was added under argon. After stirring at 25° C. for 1 h, MeI (5 equiv) was added to the solution, and the resulting suspension was gently stirred at 25° C. overnight. The DMF was removed under vacuum; the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After the ethyl acetate was removed via evaporation the resulting residue was treated with 1% TFA in DCE/DCM for 30 min. The organic solvents were then removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was triturated with hexane (3×) to obtain the free amino acid 2-2. This amino acid was used directly in the next step without any purification and characterizations. Thus, to a solution of 2-2 (2 equiv) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF, compound 1-3 (1 equiv) was added at 25° C. After stirring for 30 min (LC-MS show the complete consumption of 1-3), KOH (5 equiv) in water was added, and the solution was stirred for another 2 h (LC-MS demonstrated a complete hydrolysis). The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and HCl (1N, excess) was added to give a precipitate. This precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (99% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₀H₂₀FN₃O₅: 402, obtained: 402. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 12.83 (b, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.69 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H).

Example 10 2-Ethoxy-3-({5-[5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-propionic acid

A similar route as that for the synthesis of Example 9 was used to prepare the title compound. Iodoethane was used instead of iodomethane to obtain the 2-ethoxy compound (38% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂FN₄O₅: 416, obtained: 416. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 12.80 (b, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Examples 11-15

The general procedure for the synthesis of amides (compounds 2-4): A corresponding amine (2 equiv) was added to a solution of the acid (compound 2-3), HATU (1.05 mmol), and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF (5 mL). After the solution was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h, aqueous HCl (2 mL, 1N) was added. This solution was subjected to preparative HPLC to obtain the pure amide product, which was subsequently characterized by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy.

Example 11 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-ethoxy-ethyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 46 mg of the title compound (62%) from 70 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₄: 443, obtained: 443.

Example 12 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-ethoxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 40 mg of the title compound (49%) from 70 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉FN₄O₅: 485, obtained: 485. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.35 (m, 12H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.12 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 13 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-methoxy-ethyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 93 mg of the title compound (76%) from 115 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₂H₂₅FN₄O₄: 429, obtained: 429. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H).

Example 14 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 98 mg of the title compound (73%) from 115 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₄H₂₇FN₄O₅: 471, obtained: 471. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.85-3.30 (m, 10H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

Example 15 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 86 mg of the title compound (66%) from 115 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₄H₂₇FN₄O₄: 455, obtained: 455. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.4 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H).

Examples 16-315

Still further amide examples are shown in the following table:

CORE I

CORE II

CORE III

CORE IV

CORE V and

CORE VI Ex # Core R  16 I a  17 I b  18 I c  19 I d  20 I e  21 I f  22 I g  23 I h  24 I i  25 I j  26 I k  27 I l  28 I m  29 I n  30 I o  31 I p  32 I q  33 I r  34 I s  35 I t  36 I u  37 I v  38 I w  39 I x  40 I y  41 I z  42 I aa  43 I ab  44 I ac  45 I ad  46 I ae  47 I af  48 I ag  49 I ah  50 I ai  51 I aj  52 I ak  53 I al  54 I am  55 I an  56 I ao  57 I ap  58 I aq  59 I ar  60 I as  61 I at  62 I au  63 I av  64 I aw  65 I ax  66 II a  67 II b  68 II c  69 II d  70 II e  71 II f  72 II g  73 II h  74 II i  75 II j  76 II k  77 II l  78 II m  79 II n  80 II o  81 II p  82 II q  83 II r  84 II s  85 II t  86 II u  87 II v  88 II w  89 II x  90 II y  91 II z  92 II aa  93 II ab  94 II ac  95 II ad  96 II ae  97 II af  98 II ag  99 II ah 100 II ai 101 II aj 102 II ak 103 II al 104 II am 105 II an 106 II ao 107 II ap 108 II aq 109 II ar 110 II as 111 II at 112 II au 113 II av 114 II aw 115 II ax 116 III a 117 III b 118 III c 119 III d 120 III e 121 III f 122 III g 123 III h 124 III i 125 III j 126 III k 127 III l 128 III m 129 III n 130 III o 131 III p 132 III q 133 III r 134 III s 135 III t 136 III u 137 III v 138 III w 139 III x 140 III y 141 III z 142 III aa 143 III ab 144 III ac 145 III ad 146 III ae 147 III af 148 III ag 149 III ah 150 III ai 151 III aj 152 III ak 153 III al 154 III am 155 III an 156 III ao 157 III ap 158 III aq 159 III ar 160 III as 161 III at 162 III au 163 III av 164 III aw 165 III ax 166 IV a 167 IV b 168 IV c 169 IV d 170 IV e 171 IV f 172 IV g 173 IV h 174 IV i 175 IV j 176 IV k 177 IV l 178 IV m 179 IV n 180 IV o 181 IV p 182 IV q 183 IV r 184 IV s 185 IV t 186 IV u 187 IV v 188 IV w 189 IV x 190 IV y 191 IV z 192 IV aa 193 IV ab 194 IV ac 195 IV ad 196 IV ae 197 IV af 198 IV ag 199 IV ah 200 IV ai 201 IV aj 202 IV ak 203 IV al 204 IV am 205 IV an 206 IV ao 207 IV ap 208 IV aq 209 IV ar 210 IV as 211 IV at 212 IV au 213 IV av 214 IV aw 215 IV ax 216 V a 217 V b 218 V c 219 V d 220 V e 221 V f 222 V g 223 V h 224 V i 225 V j 226 V k 227 V l 228 V m 229 V n 230 V o 231 V p 232 V q 233 V r 234 V s 235 V t 236 V u 237 V v 238 V w 239 V x 240 V y 241 V z 242 V aa 243 V ab 244 V ac 245 V ad 246 V ae 247 V af 248 V ag 249 V ah 250 V ai 251 V aj 252 V ak 253 V al 254 V am 255 V an 256 V ao 257 V ap 258 V aq 259 V ar 260 V as 261 V at 262 V au 263 V av 264 V aw 265 V ax 266 VI a 267 VI b 268 VI c 269 VI d 270 VI e 271 VI f 272 VI g 273 VI h 274 VI i 275 VI j 276 VI k 277 VI l 278 VI m 279 VI n 280 VI o 281 VI p 282 VI q 283 VI r 284 VI s 285 VI t 286 VI u 287 VI v 288 VI w 289 VI x 290 VI y 291 VI z 292 VI aa 293 VI ab 294 VI ac 295 VI ad 296 VI ae 297 VI af 298 VI ag 299 VI ah 300 VI ai 301 VI aj 302 VI ak 303 VI al 304 VI am 305 VI an 306 VI ao 307 VI ap 308 VI aq 309 VI ar 310 VI as 311 VI at 312 VI au 313 VI av 314 VI aw 315 VI ax

In the above table, R⁹ is selected from the following radicals:

These amide examples 16-315 can be made by those skilled in the art following the above procedure and/or known procedures.

Examples 316-320

The synthesis of acids (3-3) and amides (3-4) is shown in FIG. 3. Variations from this general synthetic procedure can be understood and carried out by those skilled in the art. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by those skilled in the art.

Example 316 (S)-4-({5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-2-methoxy-butyric acid

To a suspension of methyl 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate (1.0 equiv, which was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid in dry methanol with 1.2 equiv HCl) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DCM, Mmt-Cl (1.1 equiv) was added portion-wise at 25° C. After stirring overnight, the DCM was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The ethyl acetate was then removed, and the residue was dried overnight under high vacuum, and subjected to flash chromatography to give compound 3-1. To a solution of compound 3-1 in dry DMF, NaH (1.5 equiv) was added under argon. After stirring at 25° C. for 1 h, MeI (5 equiv) was added to the solution, and the resulting-suspension was gently stirred at 25° C. overnight. The DMF was removed under vacuum; the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate, washed with brine (3×), and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After the ethyl acetate was removed via evaporation the resulting residue was treated with 1% TFA in DCE/DCM for 30 min. The organic solvents were then removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was triturated with hexane (3×) to obtain the free amino acid 3-2. This amino acid was used directly in the next step without any purification and characterization. Thus, to a solution of 3-2 (2 equiv) and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF, compound 1-3 (1 equiv) was added at 25° C. After stirring for 30 min (LC-MS show the complete consumption of 1-3), KOH (5 equiv) in water was added, and the solution was stirred for another 2 h (LC-MS demonstrated a complete hydrolysis). The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and HCl (1N, excess) was added to give a precipitate. This precipitate was collected and washed (by water) by filtration, dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (97% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₁H₂₂FN₃O₅: 416, obtained: 416. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 12.80 (b, 1H), 10.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 317 (S)-2-Ethoxy-4-({5-[5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl}-amino)-butyric acid

A similar route as that for the synthesis of Example 316 was used to prepare the title compound. Iodoethane was used instead of iodomethane to obtain the 2-ethoxy compound (84% based on compound 1-3). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₂H₂₄FN₃O₅: 430, obtained: 430. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 12.70 (b, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.66 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.13 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 318-320

The general procedure for the synthesis of amides (compounds 3-4): A corresponding amine (2 equiv) was added to a solution of the acid (compound 3-3), HATU (1.05 mmol), and DIEA (5 equiv) in DMF (5 mL). After the solution was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h, aqueous HCl (2 mL, 1N) was added. This solution was subjected to preparative HPLC to obtain the pure amide product, which was subsequently characterized by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy.

Example 318 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-dimethylcarbamoyl-3-methoxy-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 37 mg of the title compound (58%) from 60 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₄: 443, obtained: 443. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.80 (m, 2H).

Example 319 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-methoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 32 mg of the title compound (46%) from 60 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₅H₂₉FN₄O₅: 485, obtained: 485. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.68 (s, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.65 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (m, 6H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.79 (m, 2H).

Example 320 5-[5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-dimethylcarbamoyl-3-ethoxy-propyl)-amide

Preparative HPLC gave 67 mg of the title compound (57%) from 120 mg starting material (acid). LC-MS: single peak at 254 nm, MH⁺ calcd. for C₂₄H₂₉FN₄O₄: 457, obtained: 457. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz), δ 13.67 (s, 1H), 10.88 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.80 (m, 2H).

The compounds described herein are presently representative of preferred embodiments, are exemplary, and are not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that varying substitutions and modifications may be made to the invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

VEGFR Biochemical Assay

The compounds were assayed for biochemical activity by Upstate Ltd at Dundee, United Kingdom, according to the following procedure. In a final reaction volume of 25 μl, KDR (h) (5-10 mU) is incubated with 8 mM MOPS pH 7.0, 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.33 mg/ml myelin basic protein, 10 mM MgAcetate and [γ-³³P-ATP] (specific activity approx. 500 cpm/pmol, concentration as required). The reaction is initiated by the addition of the MgATP mix. After incubation for 40 minutes at room temperature, the reaction is stopped by the addition of 5 μl of a 3% phosphoric acid solution. 10 μl of the reaction is then spotted onto a P30 filtermat and washed three times for 5 minutes in 75 mM phosphoric acid and once in methanol prior to drying and scintillation counting.

Compounds of the present invention were tested in this assay and exhibited IC₅₀ between 1-5,000 nM.

PDGFR Phosphorylation Assay

NIH3T3 cells are plated in a 96 well plate in DMEM+10% FBS. Following cell attachment the cells are serum starved overnight before adding the chemical test compounds to a final concentration of 0.1% DMSO. Following a 1 hour incubation at 37° C. cells are removed from the incubator and allowed to cool to RT for 20 min before stimulation with PDGF-BB for 15 min at RT. Cells are placed on ice for 5 min, the media removed and the cells are lysed with 100 μL/well lysis buffer for 1 hour at 4° C. Plates are spun at 2000 rpm for 30 min at 4° C. and solubilized phosphorylated PDGFR is quantitated by ELISA.

High binding microplates are incubated overnight at RT with anti-mouse PDGFR-b capture-antibody in PBS, washed with PBS+0.05% Tween20 and blocked for 4 h at RT with PBS+1% BSA and washed again. 100 μL lysate/well is incubated overnight at 4° C. Plates are washed and wells are incubated with 100 μL/well of mouse anti-phosphotyrosine-HRP antibody for 2 h at 37° C. Plates are washed again and colorimetric detection is performed using TMB as substrate.

Most of the compounds in this invention showed IC₅₀ of less than 1 μM in this assay.

VEGFR Phosphorylation Assay

NIHT3T cells overexpressing mouse VEGFR-2 (FLK-1) are plated in a 96 well plate in DMEM+10% FBS. Following cell attachment for 4 hours the cells are serum starved overnight before adding the chemical test compounds to a final concentration of 0.1% DMSO. Following a 1 hour incubation at 37° C. cells are stimulated for 15 min at 37° C. with VEGF165. Cells are placed on ice for 5 min, the media removed, washed once with ice cold PBS and the cells are lysed with 50 μL/well lysis buffer for 1 hour at 4° C. Plates are spun for 10 min at 2000 rpm at 4° C. and solubilized phosphorylated VEGFR is quantitated by ELISA.

High binding microplates are incubated overnight at room temperature with VEGFR antibody in 50 μL PBS, washed with PBS+0.05% Tween20 and blocked for 4 h at RT with PBS+1% BSA and washed again. 50 μL lysate/well is incubated overnight at 4° C. Plates are washed and wells are incubated with 50 μL/well of mouse anti-phosphotyrosine-HRP antibody for 2 h at 37° C. Plates are washed again and colorimetric detection is performed using TMB as substrate.

Most of the compounds in this invention showed IC₅₀ of less than 1 μM in this assay.

Cellular Assay: HUVEC: VEGF Induced Proliferation

The compounds were assayed for cellular activity in the VEGF induced proliferation of HUVEC cells. HUVEC cells (Cambrex, CC-2517) were maintained in EGM (Cambrex, CC-3124) at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. HUVEC cells were plated at a density 5000 cells/well (96 well plate) in EGM. Following cell attachment (1 hour) the EGM-medium was replaced by EBM (Cambrex, CC-3129)+0.1% FBS (ATTC, 30-2020) and the cells were incubated for 20 hours at 37° C. The medium was replaced by EBM+1% FBS, the compounds were serial diluted in DMSO and added to the cells to a final concentration of 0-5,000 nM and 1% DMSO. Following a 1 hour pre-incubation at 37° C. cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml VEGF (Sigma, V7259) and incubated for 45 hours at 37° C. Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU DNA incorporation for 4 hours and BrdU label was quantitated by ELISA (Roche kit, 16472229) using 1M H₂SO₄ to stop the reaction. Absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a reference wavelength at 690 nm.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the 3-alkoxy-4-acylaminoamide derivatives starting from methyl 3-hydroxy-4-aminobutanoate hydrochlorides and the activated acylating agent 1-3. The amino ester hydrochloride starting material was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid in anhydrous methanol in the presence of 1.2 eq of HCl. The amino group was protected as its monomethoxytrityl derivative in the presence of the secondary hydroxyl group to give the neutral hydroxy ester 1-1. The hydroxyl group was alkylated using methyl- or ethyl iodide to form the protected amino alkoxy ester. The Mmt group was removed in 1% trifluoroacetic acid leaving the amino hydrochloride or trifluoracetate compound 1-2. This compound was quickly acylated with the preformed acylating agent 1-3 and the methyl ester was hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide in water/DMF to give 1-4. The free acid was then exposed to HATU, amine and diisopropylethyl amine in DMF to give the alkoxy amide 1-5.

FIG. 2 shows a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the 2-alkoxy-3-acylaminoamide derivatives starting from methyl 2-hydroxy-3-aminopropionate hydrochlorides and the activated acylating agent 1-3. The amino ester hydrochloride starting material was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid in anhydrous methanol in the presence of 1.2 eq of HCl. The amino group was protected as its monomethoxytrityl derivative in the presence of the secondary hydroxyl group to give 2-1. The hydroxyl group was alkylated using methyl- or ethyl iodide to form the protected amino alkoxy ester. The Mmt group was removed in 1% trifluoroacetic acid leaving the amino hydrochloride or trifluoracetate compound 2-2. This compound was quickly acylated with the preformed acylating agent 1-3 and the methyl ester was hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide in water/DMF to give 2-4. The free acid was then exposed to HATU, amine and diisopropylethyl amine in DMF to give the alkoxy amide 2-5.

FIG. 3 shows a scheme that is used for the synthesis of the (2S)-2-alkoxy-4-acylamino-amide derivatives starting from methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-aminobutanoate hydrochloride and the activated acylating agent 1-3. The amino ester hydrochloride starting material was prepared by refluxing the free amino acid in anhydrous methanol in the presence of 1.2 eq of HCl. The amino group was protected as its monomethoxytrityl derivative in the presence of the secondary hydroxyl group to give the neutral hydroxy ester 3-1. The hydroxyl group was alkylated using methyl- or ethyl iodide to form the protected amino alkoxy ester. The Mmt group was removed in 1% trifluoroacetic acid leaving the amino hydrochloride or trifluoracetate compound 3-2. This compound was quickly acylated with the preformed acylating agent 1-3 and the methyl ester was hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide in water/DMF to give 3-4. The free acid was then exposed to HATU, amine and diisopropylethyl amine in DMF to give the alkoxy amide 3-5. 

1-33. (canceled)
 34. A method for the modulation of the catalytic activity of a protein kinase, comprising contacting the kinase and an effective amount of a compound represented by Formula (I):

wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C1-C6) haloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C6) alkoxy, amino, (C1-C6) alkylamino, amide, sulfonamide, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C10) aryl; R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C1-C6) haloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C8) alkoxyalkyl, amino, (C1-C6) alkylamino, (C6-C10) arylamino; R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-C10) heteroaryl, and amide; R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1-C6) alkyl; R⁷ is (C1-C6) alkyl; R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, (C1-C6) O-alkyl, (C3-C8) O-cycloalkyl, and NR¹⁰R¹¹; where R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl, (C2-C6) dihydroxyalkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) alkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl phosphonic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl sulfonic acid, (C2-C6) hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acid, (C1-C6) alkyl amide, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C5-C8) heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C8) aryl, (C5-C8) heteroaryl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl carboxylic acid, or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ together with N forms a (C5-C8) heterocyclic ring either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyls, ketones, ethers, and carboxylic acids; n is 1, 2, or 3; and m is 0, 1, or 2; or, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, its tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of its tautomer, or a prodrug thereof.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the compound is represented by Formula (II):

wherein R¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, and (C3-C8) cycloalkyl.
 36. The method of claim 34 wherein the compound is represented by Formula (III):


37. The method of claim 34 wherein the compound is any of the following:


38. The method of claim 34, wherein the compound is selected from the set consisting of:

wherein R⁹ is any of the following groups:


39. The method of claim 34, wherein the protein kinase is selected from the group consisting of VEGF receptors and PDGF receptors. 